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Nellie Melba, 1902, by Henry Walter Barnett
Dame Nellie Melba GBE (19 May 1861 – 23 February 1931), born Helen "Nellie" Porter
Mitchell, was an Australian operatic soprano. She became one of the most famous
singers of the late Victorian Era and the early 20th century. She was the first
Australian to achieve international recognition as a classical musician. Melba studied
singing in Melbourne and made a modest success in performances there. After a brief
and unsuccessful marriage, she moved to Europe in search of a singing career. Failing
to find engagements in London in 1886, she studied in Paris and soon made a great
success there and in Brussels. Returning to London she quickly established herself
as the leading lyric soprano at Covent Garden from 1888. She soon achieved further
success in Paris and elsewhere in Europe, and later at the Metropolitan Opera, New
York, debuting there in 1893. Her repertoire was small; in her whole career she
sang no more than 25 roles and was closely identified with only ten. She was known
for her performances in French and Italian opera, but sang little German opera.
During the First World War, Melba raised large sums for war charities. She returned
to Australia frequently during the 20th century, singing in opera and concerts,
and had a house built for her near Melbourne. She was active in the teaching of
singing at the Melbourne Conservatorium. Melba continued to sing until the last
months of her life and made a legendary number of "farewell" appearances. Her death,
in Australia, was news across the English-speaking world, and her funeral was a
major national event.